Authorities makes an attempt to keep away from ache and vendor lock-in upfront will fail in essentially the most drawn-out methods doable. For any fascinating class of drawback (i.e. non-trivial innovation) it isn’t doable to deductively design a reference structure. As a substitute you need to construct and let the structure emerge. You maximize the prospect of getting it proper by having a number of competing corporations and applications with interoperability necessities at inception. Authorities Reference Architectures are the twenty first century equal of Robert McNamara’s infamous Whole Bundle Procurement (TPP), which produced failures just like the F-111 and C-5A. TPP fell into the lure of attempting to remove uncertainty and predict the chaos of the universe by inflexibly defining each program requirement and greenback spent, from R&D via manufacturing, earlier than any work had really been executed. Chaos received.